August 5, 2023 · 3 min
As the popularity of cryptocurrencies continues to grow, so does the need for secure storage solutions for private keys and seed phrases. One such solution is the Shamir Backup, which uses a technique called Shamir's Secret Sharing to split a seed phrase into multiple pieces, allowing for secure storage across multiple locations.
Shamir's Secret Sharing System (SSSS) is a cryptographic algorithm developed by Adi Shamir in 1979. The algorithm allows for the sharing of a secret among a group of individuals, without any one individual having access to the entire secret.
The algorithm works by breaking the secret into multiple pieces, called shares, and distributing them among the group. The secret can then be reconstructed by combining a minimum number of shares, known as the threshold.
In the world of cryptocurrencies, seed phrases are used to generate private keys, which are necessary for accessing and managing funds. Losing a single seed phrase can result in the loss of (access to the) funds, which is why secure storage is essential.
Many crypto hardware wallets, such as the Trezor Safe 3, Safe 5, Model T, and Keystone, now offer Shamir Backup as a feature. These backups are also known as Single-share or Multi-share backups. This allows users to "split" their seed phrase into multiple shares, that can be stored in different physical locations, such as a safe or a safety deposit box.
To use Shamir Backup, a user first selects the number of shares they want to create and the threshold required to reconstruct the seed phrase. For example, a user may choose to create five shares, with a threshold of three. This means that a user can lose 2 shares and still recover the wallet with the 3 remaining shares.
The Shamir's Secret Sharing algorithm then generates the shares, which are essentially random strings of characters. Each share is a unique mnemonic recovery phrase and contains a string of either 20 or 33 words. The user can then store these shares in different physical locations, such as a safe, a safety deposit box, or with trusted friends or family members.
The words from the Shamir's Secret Sharing System for crypto wallets come from the official and open-source SLIP-39 wordlist. This word list contains 1024 commonly used words, that are easy to store. Please keep in mind there are 2 different protocols, BIP-39 and SLIP-39. They both have different word lists, but some words from the BIP-39 wordlist can be found in the SLIP-39 wordlist and vice versa.
To reconstruct the seed phrase, the user must have a minimum number of shares, known as the threshold. In the example above, the user would need at least three of the five shares to reconstruct the seed phrase.
Overall, Shamir Backup is a powerful tool for ensuring the secure storage of seed phrases and private keys. By using Shamir's Secret Sharing algorithm, users can split their seed phrase into multiple shares, allowing for secure storage across multiple physical locations. As the crypto scene continues to grow, solutions like Shamir Backup will become increasingly important for ensuring the security of digital assets.
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. It is an open-source and industry-standard word list and can be found on Github or on educational websites or websites of companies that provide relevant software or hardware solutions for the SLIP-39 protocol.
The SLIP-39 protocol word list has been carefully composed with the following keynotes:
0001 academic 0002 acid 0003 acne 0004 acquire 0005 acrobat 0006 activity 0007 actress 0008 adapt 0009 adequate 0010 adjust 0011 admit 0012 adorn 0013 adult 0014 advance 0015 advocate 0016 afraid 0017 again 0018 agency 0019 agree 0020 aide 0021 aircraft 0022 airline 0023 airport 0024 ajar 0025 alarm 0026 album 0027 alcohol 0028 alien 0029 alive 0030 alpha 0031 already 0032 alto 0033 aluminum 0034 always 0035 amazing 0036 ambition 0037 amount 0038 amuse 0039 analysis 0040 anatomy 0041 ancestor 0042 ancient 0043 angel 0044 angry 0045 animal 0046 answer 0047 antenna 0048 anxiety 0049 apart 0050 aquatic 0051 arcade 0052 arena 0053 argue 0054 armed 0055 artist 0056 artwork 0057 aspect 0058 auction 0059 august 0060 aunt 0061 average 0062 aviation 0063 avoid 0064 award 0065 away 0066 axis 0067 axle 0068 beam 0069 beard 0070 beaver 0071 become 0072 bedroom 0073 behavior 0074 being 0075 believe 0076 belong 0077 benefit 0078 best 0079 beyond 0080 bike 0081 biology 0082 birthday 0083 bishop 0084 black 0085 blanket 0086 blessing 0087 blimp 0088 blind 0089 blue 0090 body 0091 bolt 0092 boring 0093 born 0094 both 0095 boundary 0096 bracelet 0097 branch 0098 brave 0099 breathe 0100 briefing 0101 broken 0102 brother 0103 browser 0104 bucket 0105 budget 0106 building 0107 bulb 0108 bulge 0109 bumpy 0110 bundle 0111 burden 0112 burning 0113 busy 0114 buyer 0115 cage 0116 calcium 0117 camera 0118 campus 0119 canyon 0120 capacity 0121 capital 0122 capture 0123 carbon 0124 cards 0125 careful 0126 cargo 0127 carpet 0128 carve 0129 category 0130 cause 0131 ceiling 0132 center 0133 ceramic 0134 champion 0135 change 0136 charity 0137 check 0138 chemical 0139 chest 0140 chew 0141 chubby 0142 cinema 0143 civil 0144 class 0145 clay 0146 cleanup 0147 client 0148 climate 0149 clinic 0150 clock 0151 clogs 0152 closet 0153 clothes 0154 club 0155 cluster 0156 coal 0157 coastal 0158 coding 0159 column 0160 company 0161 corner 0162 costume 0163 counter 0164 course 0165 cover 0166 cowboy 0167 cradle 0168 craft 0169 crazy 0170 credit 0171 cricket 0172 criminal 0173 crisis 0174 critical 0175 crowd 0176 crucial 0177 crunch 0178 crush 0179 crystal 0180 cubic 0181 cultural 0182 curious 0183 curly 0184 custody 0185 cylinder 0186 daisy 0187 damage 0188 dance 0189 darkness 0190 database 0191 daughter 0192 deadline 0193 deal 0194 debris 0195 debut 0196 decent 0197 decision 0198 declare 0199 decorate 0200 decrease 0201 deliver 0202 demand 0203 density 0204 deny 0205 depart 0206 depend 0207 depict 0208 deploy 0209 describe 0210 desert 0211 desire 0212 desktop 0213 destroy 0214 detailed 0215 detect 0216 device 0217 devote 0218 diagnose 0219 dictate 0220 diet 0221 dilemma 0222 diminish 0223 dining 0224 diploma 0225 disaster 0226 discuss 0227 disease 0228 dish 0229 dismiss 0230 display 0231 distance 0232 dive 0233 divorce 0234 document 0235 domain 0236 domestic 0237 dominant 0238 dough 0239 downtown 0240 dragon 0241 dramatic 0242 dream 0243 dress 0244 drift 0245 drink 0246 drove 0247 drug 0248 dryer 0249 duckling 0250 duke 0251 duration 0252 dwarf 0253 dynamic 0254 early 0255 earth 0256 easel 0257 easy 0258 echo 0259 eclipse 0260 ecology 0261 edge 0262 editor 0263 educate 0264 either 0265 elbow 0266 elder 0267 election 0268 elegant 0269 element 0270 elephant 0271 elevator 0272 elite 0273 else 0274 email 0275 emerald 0276 emission 0277 emperor 0278 emphasis 0279 employer 0280 empty 0281 ending 0282 endless 0283 endorse 0284 enemy 0285 energy 0286 enforce 0287 engage 0288 enjoy 0289 enlarge 0290 entrance 0291 envelope 0292 envy 0293 epidemic 0294 episode 0295 equation 0296 equip 0297 eraser 0298 erode 0299 escape 0300 estate 0301 estimate 0302 evaluate 0303 evening 0304 evidence 0305 evil 0306 evoke 0307 exact 0308 example 0309 exceed 0310 exchange 0311 exclude 0312 excuse 0313 execute 0314 exercise 0315 exhaust 0316 exotic 0317 expand 0318 expect 0319 explain 0320 express 0321 extend 0322 extra 0323 eyebrow 0324 facility 0325 fact 0326 failure 0327 faint 0328 fake 0329 false 0330 family 0331 famous 0332 fancy 0333 fangs 0334 fantasy 0335 fatal 0336 fatigue 0337 favorite 0338 fawn 0339 fiber 0340 fiction 0341 filter 0342 finance 0343 findings 0344 finger 0345 firefly 0346 firm 0347 fiscal 0348 fishing 0349 fitness 0350 flame 0351 flash 0352 flavor 0353 flea 0354 flexible 0355 flip 0356 float 0357 floral 0358 fluff 0359 focus 0360 forbid 0361 force 0362 forecast 0363 forget 0364 formal 0365 fortune 0366 forward 0367 founder 0368 fraction 0369 fragment 0370 frequent 0371 freshman 0372 friar 0373 fridge 0374 friendly 0375 frost 0376 froth 0377 frozen 0378 fumes 0379 funding 0380 furl 0381 fused 0382 galaxy 0383 game 0384 garbage 0385 garden 0386 garlic 0387 gasoline 0388 gather 0389 general 0390 genius 0391 genre 0392 genuine 0393 geology 0394 gesture 0395 glad 0396 glance 0397 glasses 0398 glen 0399 glimpse 0400 goat 0401 golden 0402 graduate 0403 grant 0404 grasp 0405 gravity 0406 gray 0407 greatest 0408 grief 0409 grill 0410 grin 0411 grocery 0412 gross 0413 group 0414 grownup 0415 grumpy 0416 guard 0417 guest 0418 guilt 0419 guitar 0420 gums 0421 hairy 0422 hamster 0423 hand 0424 hanger 0425 harvest 0426 have 0427 havoc 0428 hawk 0429 hazard 0430 headset 0431 health 0432 hearing 0433 heat 0434 helpful 0435 herald 0436 herd 0437 hesitate 0438 hobo 0439 holiday 0440 holy 0441 home 0442 hormone 0443 hospital 0444 hour 0445 huge 0446 human 0447 humidity 0448 hunting 0449 husband 0450 hush 0451 husky 0452 hybrid 0453 idea 0454 identify 0455 idle 0456 image 0457 impact 0458 imply 0459 improve 0460 impulse 0461 include 0462 income 0463 increase 0464 index 0465 indicate 0466 industry 0467 infant 0468 inform 0469 inherit 0470 injury 0471 inmate 0472 insect 0473 inside 0474 install 0475 intend 0476 intimate 0477 invasion 0478 involve 0479 iris 0480 island 0481 isolate 0482 item 0483 ivory 0484 jacket 0485 jerky 0486 jewelry 0487 join 0488 judicial 0489 juice 0490 jump 0491 junction 0492 junior 0493 junk 0494 jury 0495 justice 0496 kernel 0497 keyboard 0498 kidney 0499 kind 0500 kitchen 0501 knife 0502 knit 0503 laden 0504 ladle 0505 ladybug 0506 lair 0507 lamp 0508 language 0509 large 0510 laser 0511 laundry 0512 lawsuit 0513 leader 0514 leaf 0515 learn 0516 leaves 0517 lecture 0518 legal 0519 legend 0520 legs 0521 lend 0522 length 0523 level 0524 liberty 0525 library 0526 license 0527 lift 0528 likely 0529 lilac 0530 lily 0531 lips 0532 liquid 0533 listen 0534 literary 0535 living 0536 lizard 0537 loan 0538 lobe 0539 location 0540 losing 0541 loud 0542 loyalty 0543 luck 0544 lunar 0545 lunch 0546 lungs 0547 luxury 0548 lying 0549 lyrics 0550 machine 0551 magazine 0552 maiden 0553 mailman 0554 main 0555 makeup 0556 making 0557 mama 0558 manager 0559 mandate 0560 mansion 0561 manual 0562 marathon 0563 march 0564 market 0565 marvel 0566 mason 0567 material 0568 math 0569 maximum 0570 mayor 0571 meaning 0572 medal 0573 medical 0574 member 0575 memory 0576 mental 0577 merchant 0578 merit 0579 method 0580 metric 0581 midst 0582 mild 0583 military 0584 mineral 0585 minister 0586 miracle 0587 mixed 0588 mixture 0589 mobile 0590 modern 0591 modify 0592 moisture 0593 moment 0594 morning 0595 mortgage 0596 mother 0597 mountain 0598 mouse 0599 move 0600 much 0601 mule 0602 multiple 0603 muscle 0604 museum 0605 music 0606 mustang 0607 nail 0608 national 0609 necklace 0610 negative 0611 nervous 0612 network 0613 news 0614 nuclear 0615 numb 0616 numerous 0617 nylon 0618 oasis 0619 obesity 0620 object 0621 observe 0622 obtain 0623 ocean 0624 often 0625 olympic 0626 omit 0627 oral 0628 orange 0629 orbit 0630 order 0631 ordinary 0632 organize 0633 ounce 0634 oven 0635 overall 0636 owner 0637 paces 0638 pacific 0639 package 0640 paid 0641 painting 0642 pajamas 0643 pancake 0644 pants 0645 papa 0646 paper 0647 parcel 0648 parking 0649 party 0650 patent 0651 patrol 0652 payment 0653 payroll 0654 peaceful 0655 peanut 0656 peasant 0657 pecan 0658 penalty 0659 pencil 0660 percent 0661 perfect 0662 permit 0663 petition 0664 phantom 0665 pharmacy 0666 photo 0667 phrase 0668 physics 0669 pickup 0670 picture 0671 piece 0672 pile 0673 pink 0674 pipeline 0675 pistol 0676 pitch 0677 plains 0678 plan 0679 plastic 0680 platform 0681 playoff 0682 pleasure 0683 plot 0684 plunge 0685 practice 0686 prayer 0687 preach 0688 predator 0689 pregnant 0690 premium 0691 prepare 0692 presence 0693 prevent 0694 priest 0695 primary 0696 priority 0697 prisoner 0698 privacy 0699 prize 0700 problem 0701 process 0702 profile 0703 program 0704 promise 0705 prospect 0706 provide 0707 prune 0708 public 0709 pulse 0710 pumps 0711 punish 0712 puny 0713 pupal 0714 purchase 0715 purple 0716 python 0717 quantity 0718 quarter 0719 quick 0720 quiet 0721 race 0722 racism 0723 radar 0724 railroad 0725 rainbow 0726 raisin 0727 random 0728 ranked 0729 rapids 0730 raspy 0731 reaction 0732 realize 0733 rebound 0734 rebuild 0735 recall 0736 receiver 0737 recover 0738 regret 0739 regular 0740 reject 0741 relate 0742 remember 0743 remind 0744 remove 0745 render 0746 repair 0747 repeat 0748 replace 0749 require 0750 rescue 0751 research 0752 resident 0753 response 0754 result 0755 retailer 0756 retreat 0757 reunion 0758 revenue 0759 review 0760 reward 0761 rhyme 0762 rhythm 0763 rich 0764 rival 0765 river 0766 robin 0767 rocky 0768 romantic 0769 romp 0770 roster 0771 round 0772 royal 0773 ruin 0774 ruler 0775 rumor 0776 sack 0777 safari 0778 salary 0779 salon 0780 salt 0781 satisfy 0782 satoshi 0783 saver 0784 says 0785 scandal 0786 scared 0787 scatter 0788 scene 0789 scholar 0790 science 0791 scout 0792 scramble 0793 screw 0794 script 0795 scroll 0796 seafood 0797 season 0798 secret 0799 security 0800 segment 0801 senior 0802 shadow 0803 shaft 0804 shame 0805 shaped 0806 sharp 0807 shelter 0808 sheriff 0809 short 0810 should 0811 shrimp 0812 sidewalk 0813 silent 0814 silver 0815 similar 0816 simple 0817 single 0818 sister 0819 skin 0820 skunk 0821 slap 0822 slavery 0823 sled 0824 slice 0825 slim 0826 slow 0827 slush 0828 smart 0829 smear 0830 smell 0831 smirk 0832 smith 0833 smoking 0834 smug 0835 snake 0836 snapshot 0837 sniff 0838 society 0839 software 0840 soldier 0841 solution 0842 soul 0843 source 0844 space 0845 spark 0846 speak 0847 species 0848 spelling 0849 spend 0850 spew 0851 spider 0852 spill 0853 spine 0854 spirit 0855 spit 0856 spray 0857 sprinkle 0858 square 0859 squeeze 0860 stadium 0861 staff 0862 standard 0863 starting 0864 station 0865 stay 0866 steady 0867 step 0868 stick 0869 stilt 0870 story 0871 strategy 0872 strike 0873 style 0874 subject 0875 submit 0876 sugar 0877 suitable 0878 sunlight 0879 superior 0880 surface 0881 surprise 0882 survive 0883 sweater 0884 swimming 0885 swing 0886 switch 0887 symbolic 0888 sympathy 0889 syndrome 0890 system 0891 tackle 0892 tactics 0893 tadpole 0894 talent 0895 task 0896 taste 0897 taught 0898 taxi 0899 teacher 0900 teammate 0901 teaspoon 0902 temple 0903 tenant 0904 tendency 0905 tension 0906 terminal 0907 testify 0908 texture 0909 thank 0910 that 0911 theater 0912 theory 0913 therapy 0914 thorn 0915 threaten 0916 thumb 0917 thunder 0918 ticket 0919 tidy 0920 timber 0921 timely 0922 ting 0923 tofu 0924 together 0925 tolerate 0926 total 0927 toxic 0928 tracks 0929 traffic 0930 training 0931 transfer 0932 trash 0933 traveler 0934 treat 0935 trend 0936 trial 0937 tricycle 0938 trip 0939 triumph 0940 trouble 0941 true 0942 trust 0943 twice 0944 twin 0945 type 0946 typical 0947 ugly 0948 ultimate 0949 umbrella 0950 uncover 0951 undergo 0952 unfair 0953 unfold 0954 unhappy 0955 union 0956 universe 0957 unkind 0958 unknown 0959 unusual 0960 unwrap 0961 upgrade 0962 upstairs 0963 username 0964 usher 0965 usual 0966 valid 0967 valuable 0968 vampire 0969 vanish 0970 various 0971 vegan 0972 velvet 0973 venture 0974 verdict 0975 verify 0976 very 0977 veteran 0978 vexed 0979 victim 0980 video 0981 view 0982 vintage 0983 violence 0984 viral 0985 visitor 0986 visual 0987 vitamins 0988 vocal 0989 voice 0990 volume 0991 voter 0992 voting 0993 walnut 0994 warmth 0995 warn 0996 watch 0997 wavy 0998 wealthy 0999 weapon 1000 webcam 1001 welcome 1002 welfare 1003 western 1004 width 1005 wildlife 1006 window 1007 wine 1008 wireless 1009 wisdom 1010 withdraw 1011 wits 1012 wolf 1013 woman 1014 work 1015 worthy 1016 wrap 1017 wrist 1018 writing 1019 wrote 1020 year 1021 yelp 1022 yield 1023 yoga 1024 zero
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